Homogenizer.



f. w. Mmmm HGMOGENIZER,

APPLICATION mw, mm, 1U, new.

Patented Feb. 5, 1918.

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ED STATES PATENT: oFFoF.;

,nim-wanen meenemen, or sur mnemoc,- oALu-omzm, Assieme, mr mism ,.4gs1omne Afro monarca noma :von easxmma. comm orrdmeonmn, A

'.oeuounou or. ouauomrm. y

' -Hoxocmmznn 1-'255,82'7. lpcolfdon of Lettori Patent Patented Ieb. 5, 191.8. Aypllutlun ilelhnunry 1 0, 1916. lerlal No. 71,343.

l. T illmhpmmayoncm: fully degcribed in connection with the uc- -;lmoyvn" @hij THURgToN, l oornpanying druwm and will bemore fully ffJthQUm'MnStQteQ-and a. rendent pointed out in and y the appended claims. 55 Francisco' i1'1-F-ial1'e`;l county of Sn'n In the drawing ndtsjstcfo'f California, here in- Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view oi Moin-maw andf-Ius'e'ful Improve my improved homogenizer taken on line' qmogeniqerqzof whichthe .foll-lof Fig. 2. .gp'e'cxficatlon. Fig. 2, is it vertcul'sectional View thereof. 60 s.. l vention pelateto improvements 1 n Flg. 3, is an enlarged sectional view' on ogenizerdesgned'-to be lnterposed'be line 3 3 of Fig. 1. wee'r'xf-lthe1 l cja'rlmreter n mdun en 'ne to ho- Fig. 4,' is u view in elevation of my im- 'nite' thefuel op mixtur elivered to proved screen breaker shown detached from eftter. the homo enizer. 65 .It .-..ie one of the objects of' this inven Like "nzer'uctels of reference designate -lation toptoride a..devoe 4of this;v clmracterv similar parts throughout thejdiferent figin the fuel is spreadngainso anouter ures of the drawing.'

gasurfceglby fmeahsfof un'inner, heat- As illustrated, l designeteerm outer shell ;-thereby.'- Subjecting the attenuated preferably cylindrical, and having inletend el .-tor-the.a ct ion, ofiieet; inwardly outlet passages 2 and 3 for paese e of the v dlyjwithgrespect.f lhereto. eirhfvmi4 .gnsesof the engine or oter hent- :Eu he object of t he.i-nyentiouisto ingr-x' iu'm into and-tlirough 'said shell. 'E0 de, i lfbr'enlreri-betweentheinner: Seid shelll is open ended and I prov-ide the g. uxfaggfgndL to d ipose1 lutter with a, bottom 2' which is suitably 75 he p'athoirtheowing' shouldered orreceseed nl; 3f to lit about the tofffo'x' allotthe edge o f the lower open end of said shell. 2P... -screen- 'breukexn 'The bottom 2 is provided with an extension Igee h-m invention, thes'creen 4; forming-n tubular fuel inlet und theextenmakende-diep. edin-.sueht-olosergximty sion4 4 isprovicled with a, flange 5 whereby 80 fill):

the-sheat1ng-1-surfeees ae-to'h 'ii'ted to the `pottom may be'ottnehed to u pipe conbstgntig-lly; o semetemperature' :xe-said mention. not shown, leading 'from a carbugpfaggfith @by j x'sh` =.tl 1.i80r6nbreaker reter. The fuel inlet 4 is flared at 6 so ne to f meehanicel breaker, permit the incoming fuel' to spread in on :1t-

Azfurthernovel fea. tenuated'unnula'r stream, .aewlll presently 85 gereed-:breaker appear'. A top T is suitably reoessedet 8 toV .surieeeg that. t about the edgeof the uppexjopen end of moet oneofid seid shell 1, undiseid top is provided-with a. "ltpassegitlnfough vfuel outlet openg. 9 whichf''ile 'preferabl d rggugegrgt4 .eliminingz-snr-.- about-equal in eze to the inde@ ('pen A; 90 lfly'purgpoe-is-to preeent n l1 ave shown e .coupling 10 litt@ [on le top @pieces to-ttligpread 7 anl provided wit-lnel lmgebl -w'vhieli 'may gement-by. bolted toflroltopfl. bglt-hole's ingehmvn I gdishnrge-- 1n -Fig 2.f The .eoupliugflolegi itjo' the itakemenifold-oftile eng'ine;flottsiliowfn.:` 9 5 A -eentrulshel-l is deig'naised. a't- 12l1nd' the same is provided' with externnl'tlireede ndjacent its upper undhlnwer ends, "which, f thrende are nrrangedffor engagement byina f, -tenallylllghrerxded' sl1oulde's' ..`i,orrried fon tlu' '100 top-.7 at '13, und on the bottom Q'-,.ii. t14.-The central shell 12 ie slightly larger in'di'nm'eter than-the inlet 4' or the outlet".0 and 't Will be noted tha'when the top an bottom por@ tions are turned into tight threeded engage-f ment with the central shell 12, said top and bottom portions will be in tight fitting cngngement'against the upper and lower edges-rV oi. the open ended shell 1. By means of this Leases? novel construction, it is not necessary to em ploy additional fastening means tofsecurct the top und bottom portions to the outer shell l. When the inlet und outlet' portions i 2 and 3, of the outer shell 1, are secured to theirsupply and exhaust connections, the

outer shell will be held against turningmovement.

central shell 12 in sullicient spaced relation with respect to the interior thereof as. to

provide aninte'rmedi'ute fuel .passa e spnce between 'seid central and inner she'l s. Said' inner shell :is open-ended endl preerahly provide thin 'flesh heating top'vzmd. bottom disks 16 ,and 17 which may be anchored in position by swaging over said hea ds-o'r disks, marginal portions of the inner shell, thereby providing a closed inner fuel heatingchumber. lt will-be noted by reference to Fig. 2,

' 4that the inner chamberisdisp'osed in the Ves.

path of flow of the fuel 'entering seid central shell 12 .so that the heated'bottow'll will spread the fuel outwardly directly. against the interior 'of the centrali shell 12. Thus the lower -ashhosting disk orhendl not onlyfunctions use mechanical spreuliingmecns or deiiector, butelse 'as n. heater. 'v

In. my improved novel construction, as shown', "the inner shell` 15 is' supported Awithin, and by the central shell i2 sindl for this purpose I. have shown tubular -conneo tions 18 and 19 orrnedfintc'ggre-l with said shells, which connections not only,7 function tosupport theinner shell from the central shell but also to establish communication hetween the inner shell 15 end theouter shell 1. This arrangement provides forfshort circuit iow ofoportion of 'the exhaust grises directly into und through the inner heating chumberffronr'the outer shell 1,'.but it will 'l be noted that the tubular connections 5 8 und 19 4are very considerably reduced in crosssect'loin withzespect to the inlet anni outlet portions 2 und 3,' thereby provnlmg for e g relatively limited mnount of low throughtheinncr chamber. it will' now he clenr'tlmt-- -"tl1e'supp ly 'Eoifhcatingvtho inner shell los.

the same heating medium lowinggthrough the outer;` chamber '/`.0. formcl bfi/the outer shell l ,and the central shell 12, to lient the exterior of the central "sh'clllli1 also forms:

A- further feature of imiortzincc resides inthe fact that thcccntzsl shell 12 is 0.0m-

p'letely inclreterl against heutgl'idintion.` ln

order to fecili'utc en u ctijae flow through thc the tubular conmctrms lil und lll incline ment with mist and V(Llulilct portions f3 :1nd By reason of my impl-ovm: construction I am enabled tmhuild. a,..homogenizer j`of greatly reduced height rwith-rospctvtbaiy construction hereto known to me 'and 'becuuse'of the limitcdispn'ce, between the earthis becomes la.. feturef' of greet' iinp'o'titnce. It is becausevuf the fetthat vheut is? fspl'ied internally and externally o'the flowing fnelV that I am' ubleto obtain suiiicientflyiqick' heutinglcction and atthe same timefrduce, 75 the height to if minimlim.

I will next describe my improved screen `breaker und"the mnner" in which it lfunc-7 An inner shell 15 is'odisposed' within the.

tionslinco-action `iv'ith 4the-inner and outer heating surfaces betvyeen' 'whi'chthe fuel to 80 be,homogeni, zed, pesses V As illustrated .be sprung into an .external 'annular-,aground l.positionwith respect tothewtlirection. of {low} und cause allee the foei t'rnpussthroughjthc V10D screen by' rassen. 'off the" factft-hfit its upper cnclowor :nlrgi n's *e re' seeuredtol the?v inner.,- 'cnrl -centred shells-'.2 lo. 'order todieci-litete'ir-i-H section of the' ,reenv i preferably. split ,the sume,irs-'indicated lt 26 the-splitportiorne'r 105 tion provides `for 'rendy'ff removal-.irri` .thescreen for. renewedI (ir-other pui-poses, ,stelll es for initialness-nih]ingl of the parte.;I .f

The :fuel entcringfthc :contratl ,hell-d?-` strikes ,theI 4flush hentihof'hottoln-A 17 .fendieAr heated andfbiiok'en'up to s'r'mlec" ioni-. bysiich contact. Suction iets to drew theft-nclbout.; seidv shell' butlh'in realitylh'e `shell no' '4 defiects the fuel fighinl tfth'c:finteii'ormi hc highly hen form of a completely homogenized fuel of a dryv and highly 'combustible character.

. ecause of 'the 'relatirely intense heat to which thv-screen breaker is subjected, its action upon the fuel will be'so nearly in-4 stantaneous. that it will be substantially dry during operation. In other Words, the subs tantia'lly vertical disposition of the screen tel presents an area'capacity sufficiently in eX- cess of the capacity necessary, to insure a substantially dry screen under actual operation. This is due tothe fact that the fuel is permitted to spread over the surface of the screen to a maximum thereby permitting the screenlto function almost instantly in reducing the liquid particles to a dryr gas. The screen also functions to cut .the liquid particles-pf fuel thereby causingalmost instant gasification whenthe particles burst and this result is obtained by a screen of extremely, fine mesh.

Asa, direct resultof the normally'dr'y condition of the scream- Which is completely dried immediately after the engine stops, the scree'n' funetions tocollect, in the form of n. film, the condensed gases that drain downthe 'manifoldl after theparts are ccol If have found in practice that this film of condensation efficiently -impregnatesfthe first inrush of air on restarting lso 'as to give .an effective explosion-Without waiting` forthe parts to heat up andha've actually started an absolutely cold engine, with this device, on a 'low grade hydrocarbon' without prim ing.- I havev roventfthis fact by not only'A performing this operation, but I-have taken the screen out of the-homogenizer inrmedp ately after Astopping.;the vengine and v:found it-to be absolu'tely1dry. Ihave'also taken-the screen outater the parte vcooled 'o and, found the screen coted with a film of condensation. f .l

Itis believed -that: the nov'elty and utility A'of fray? invention -will 'bdfully 'imderstood 'from the' foregoing des'cri-ption,an'd 'while I havelheren'lshoivn and-described one speci-fic form of'my invention, I do-,not'wish tolse limited vthereto eacept'where auch limitations as theclaims may import,

I climc- 1.--I n a 'homogenizen asesina'. for passage ofthe. vfuel to. be; 'homogenized' therethrough,

a hollow heating' shell "disposed'in-sa'id casm "in the path of the lfuel to spread the :fue

against said casing, a screen diagonally dis- 'Eosed between said 'casing and shell to be cated by said shell and casing 'and break up the fuel particles carried by the mixture in the passage of the fuel through said screen, and means for sup lying heat `to the exterior ofl said casing an'- to the interior of .said shell, substantially as described.

.supplyingheat to the exterior ofsaid casing and to theinterior of said shell to heat the casing and shell and said screen, aubstan tially as described.

. v 'sal 3. In a homogenizer,,thejcornbinatonlith .a casing and a shell within saidclsiugv and separated from the latter by a narrow space, a line screen in said narrow space'for passage of the fuel therefor and said screeirbeing in close relation so said casing and shell to be heated to substantially the temperature .of said'casing and shell, means for supplyin heat to4 saidcasing and tothe interior-o said shell, means for delivering-Inoltra. be homogenized against onesideiarea of said shell, and means for dischargingtlie heated and mixed fuel from the opposite side of saidv casing Withrespeet to-th'e fuell entrance side, whereby all. thefe'ntering' fuel isspread, against the hot interior of' saidcasing'- andA against the 'hot exterior of sidyshell and, after heating land mixing is collected and" deliveredas hot earlometedy air of homogenons' character. -1

4. In a homogenizer, a 4ehellf for passage zot 'therethrough of thefuel toibehomogenized, meansappfing haatte saidfhell, an inner shell beate to substantallyvthe-ame tem-- erature as said passage.shel1;`und=disposed inside of thejlatter an defiecting'incoming fuelagainst said passageshell, said. inner heated shell' being extended along-said passage shell-suiieentlyto present a heated surv face te lthe fuel reboundingl o' ffrom said passage shell, and a se' een-.extendin diagonallyfacroesthespac .bet'weenf-'sai 'shells for .passage ofthe 'fuel 'through said screen during-How of the fuel from'cont'act Withsa'id passage shell towardrsafid inner shell', said screen hei-n A{Smiliciently closetosaid shells to be heategd to substantially-the same temperature .as the-latter, substantially as described. yf 'the 5. As an article of manufacture class described, a truncated co 'edfcreen having an leiqiansir/ely actin-g eng; secured to one 4ni'argin thereof and' af-Vequttractile spring .secured vto the other margin" ereof,

said screen having an opening between its 1 lli rlili margins-'Analbangioagi-iaaanlfspihis' saidopenig" through onemargimsnbstanf i shell having'inlet and outlet-passages `zr, anopen endedoutei" f or exhaust gases bottoni havin '1.a shoulder lit tingagainst theed e of sai Llower' open end of saidfshellyand eing rovided' with .an i internally threaded shoul er and also a f ufel inletop er"1ir'1g.`f', aibphaving a Vshoulder fittm against 'the 'eclge of' the upper open' end o saidshelliind having an internally threaded `sho'iildei'4 imdi'lso a.v ''ueloutlet opening, a entralo'p'en .endedshell in threaded engagemenitjiiiththethreaded shoulders of said 'top and bottoni .portions to Yhold the latter Uin ti 'htzf engagement "witlr said [outer shell andii'viding said outer shellI into nl 'horiontal -'uter annnlar' exhaust passage ch amber andi-an inner verticalfue'lf passageahum-l .flier and-'the latter "lieing inf'eomln unieation outer shell fonpas'sage of a portion VWi;h sai"d Vfuel iiiletiand outlet openings, and" 'a fuel heatin'pjshell" disposed inthe" 'path of 'theffuel" Yflowing:'throughfisaid 'central shell andihavingiecirriiniinica'tion withfsad f 'o t e .fexhausif'gases'throuirh saidr` heating sh'ell 7. .Infiijhoinogenizen a iuellpassa''ge Cham;

ber, meansfol"he'atingsaid chamberfani an expansihie'andf'eontraetihle screen structure shaped ,to hesprn-ng'into position betweenv and in .rdsil ient, engagement with said cham# y ber arid defiec'tor,"substantially as described;

i' hein` a "li 'ng fehaiipfwgqnoehtriea'lly "dis posed dflpasisage"chamber and having tja.

fit1-f.

gehargeg m aid Vineans to said .heatopeningsshnped tov fit about saidtuhular';

df siipport'jsaidscreen in posif 1 0LI1'1 n' linrnogenizer, anannnlar fuel passage, chamber, mea-ns for heating said sage-chumher in the path. ofiiow of. thefuel 'for anchoring. one.. margin tlierief" to' said= 85 hauing'a shoulder .fitting 'aga-inst theedge 1' shell in"threadedVenga-gement. with thfflDO' .ment with "said outer shell.anc 'l dividing said 'outer Ashell into ahorizontal outerwin latter communicatingwithsaid' fuelinlet 'form an i nnerheatinzglr ,cham-beminolnnimnni' edge.' o fjthe upper open' end,l of saidfouter chamber', a heatingwc'hambereoncentrically 'if I.

therebetween, said "soreen having an expanl. sively acting spring anchoring onefo fits; jf?? margins' to said passagerehamlierand being provided with a contractile-spring' anchoing `the remain-ingmarginrof sai-d screen to '75 said heating chamber, silbst'antial'ly-as-de-- scribed.

11. Iii-a homogenizen'an .annular :fuel passage (-:haiber havingL an outer heated wall, a heatingV shblldisposed in said-pas.' 80

therethrough, andan ,annular screen 'interposed in the path hf 'fuel flamand disposed in 'said passage, said screen'having means' outer walliand having means for anchorin l' f the remaining-fnnugin of saidA screen to sai' shell, substantially' as described. Y v

12.- In a -hoznn geuizcer'j1 an: open `ended outer shell having ali inlet and anioutletfol 90 L passage .of exhaust' gases, a bottom having a shoulder fitting' against the edge of thu'. lower jopen end' of said shelland being pro vided with I'an' internally tlnfeadedl shoiilder.- and 'also with a fuel inieto'pening, a top: 05 i of the'upper open endiofsaidshell and'hawg ingan internally threaded shoulder andj'iilso a fuel outlet openingy'a'centrnl qpenfen'dd-1:

threaded shoulder of said top amlliottoin portions to hold the latter :in tight'engrigia` 'nular exhaust passage eharnberfilnd. an' in 195 nur verticalv fungi -q'iassage Chamber. with' 'the and outlet openings.v said eentla'l-shell hay inggiadially inwardly. extending inlet land'. outlet tubes terminating in .an annular openrllf' upper and lower .ends of, said innershell ti",

gra tia n w i th sai d outerannular; ehaniber- .for passageL o'i`1. .th'e exhaiistfgases intol andth'ro'ugh said innerfcha-niherinnd ali-annular` screen disposed diagonally across 'thf 'ai' V 13.1 In a homogeriiaen anfnpenended'o-ute 'Shel limi-ing ax'iiinl'et and nnlontl't for' passag :if exhaust gases,v a 'bottoni liayling'- ashouid fitting against the Ledge bit-iid lower 'dpe end* o'fsaid shelland being '.rovicleiiywitlr an' internal-'ly threaded'.- s'ho'ii der and als withV a', `fuel Iinlet openin'g .l.ni"- reduced: anieter vwith respect to rindeonoeni'rieally -disposefdj with'. respect ltd s'xiil' shoulder,. top having 'ashoulderfitting aga-inst ,the

' temeer 'shell and having an Ainternally threaded f shoulderl and also' afuel outlet opening, a

'central open ended shell in threaded engagement with the thfeuded shoulder of said top and bottom portions to hold the latter in' 'ended' shell, thin lash disks attached to the upper and lowerzl'ends of said inner shellto form an inner heating c hamberin communicatin with saidoiter annular.chamber for passage of thefe'haust gases into and through said` inner chamber, tlielower portion of said inner shell havingiin' external groove and the upper portion of said central shell having an upper internal groove,

an inverted truncated split screen'having a contractile annular spring on lts lower smaller end fitting in said external .groove and en upper annular expansive spring fit-1 ting in said internal groove to anchor. said screen diagonally across the path of the fuel passing between said Ainner andt central shells, and' said screen having openings file. tina' externally about said tubes, substantial-ly as described.

In testimony that I 'claimA ille 'cregoing asl my own, I hereby atlix my signature.-

FRED WALLACE THURSTON 

